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  • Category: Physics
  • Founded: Jul 17, 2003
  • Language: English
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#2961 From: "docusn1" <docico325@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 8:04 pm
Subject: Zinc Sulfide
docusn1
Send Email Send Email
 
I have accuired a ludlum model 43-65 alpha scint. and it is missing
the pleiglass window that had the ZnS on it. I have repaired every
thing on the probe with the exception of optical grease on the tube
and the missing plexiglass ZnS window. Where can i easily accuire
some ZnS powder to make a new window for the probe and secondly how
do i get it to stick to the window.
                                                 Thank You, Mark

#2962 From: "James Turnbaugh" <jrturnba@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 9:55 pm
Subject: RE: Zinc Sulfide
jrturnba2000
Send Email Send Email
 
The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur together and igniting.
It is used as solid fuel rocket for very small scale hobby rockets.  It is
not very potent so it is often used in class rooms but does not really make
good fuel.  The resulting ash is the ZnS.

I would pulverize and apply cement to your window dust with the powder.  I
think I would test it if you have an alpha source before I would put it in
my instrument.


-----Original Message-----
From: docusn1 [mailto:docico325@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 3:04 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide



I have accuired a ludlum model 43-65 alpha scint. and it is missing
the pleiglass window that had the ZnS on it. I have repaired every
thing on the probe with the exception of optical grease on the tube
and the missing plexiglass ZnS window. Where can i easily accuire
some ZnS powder to make a new window for the probe and secondly how
do i get it to stick to the window.
                                                 Thank You, Mark







Yahoo! Groups Links







---
[This E-mail scanned for viruses by iLectris Virus Scan]




---
[This E-mail scanned for viruses by iLectris Virus Scan]

#2963 From: J. Marshall Reber <jmarshall.reber@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 9:10 pm
Subject: Re: Zinc Sulfide
groschen1936
Send Email Send Email
 
The "plexiglass window" is undoubtedly a light pipe that maximizes the
detector's sensitivity.  Why don't you buy it from Ludlum with the ZnS
already attached?

#2964 From: wharpt@...
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 5:07 pm
Subject: Re: Zinc Sulfide
wharpt1
Send Email Send Email
 

The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur together and igniting.
It is used as solid fuel rocket for very small scale hobby rockets.  It is
not very potent so it is often used in class rooms but does not really make
good fuel.  The resulting ash is the ZnS.

I would pulverize and apply cement to your window dust with the powder.  I
think I would test it if you have an alpha source before I would put it in
my instrument.
Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have an activator such as copper (I believe) added by high heat before it'll react to radiation and glow. Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is available on e-bay or from chemical supply houses, some of which have on-line stores.

#2965 From: "James Turnbaugh" <jrturnba@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 10:11 pm
Subject: RE: Zinc Sulfide
jrturnba2000
Send Email Send Email
 

I always suspected there was a little more to it.  I never got the stuff to glow myself.

 


From: wharpt@... [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide

 


The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur together and igniting.
It is used as solid fuel rocket for very small scale hobby rockets.  It is
not very potent so it is often used in class rooms but does not really make
good fuel.  The resulting ash is the ZnS.

I would pulverize and apply cement to your window dust with the powder.  I
think I would test it if you have an alpha source before I would put it in
my instrument.

Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have an activator such as copper (I believe) added by high heat before it'll react to radiation and glow. Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is available on e-bay or from chemical supply houses, some of which have on-line stores.

 


#2966 From: "Jim S" <wharpt@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 10:15 pm
Subject: Phosphorescent powders
wharpt1
Send Email Send Email
 
Has anybody tried these new strontium-aluminate phosphor powders to
see if they react to alpha particles?

#2967 From: wharpt@...
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 5:31 pm
Subject: Re: Zinc Sulfide
wharpt1
Send Email Send Email
 
In a message dated 2/5/05 4:23:25 PM Central Standard Time, jrturnba@... writes:

I always suspected there was a little more to it.  I never got the stuff to glow myself.

 

Tell me about it. I've got 125 grams of reagent grade powder and nothing to do with it.

 


From: wharpt@... [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide

 


The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur together and igniting.
It is used as solid fuel rocket for very small scale hobby rockets.  It is
not very potent so it is often used in class rooms but does not really make
good fuel.  The resulting ash is the ZnS.

I would pulverize and apply cement to your window dust with the powder.  I
think I would test it if you have an alpha source before I would put it in
my instrument.

Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have an activator such as copper (I believe) added by high heat before it'll react to radiation and glow. Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is available on e-bay or from chemical supply houses, some of which have on-line stores.


#2968 From: "Aaron Muderick" <aaron@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 10:34 pm
Subject: RE: Phosphorescent powders
amuderick
Send Email Send Email
 

I’m new to the group but I know a few thing about phosphorescent powders.  I don’t think the Strontium Aluminate is the way to go.  I’m sure it reacts but probably not as well (as far as the human eye is concerned).  It requires more energy for activation and has a longer decay time.  I tried using some for a spinthariscope and had no luck. 

 

I have some phosphorescent Zinc Sulphide powder here.  I’m not sure if it will work but I’m willing to send a sample to someone so they can test it out.  The stuff sells for about $30/kg in quantity.  I can sell it for $0.30/gram by the gram if anyone is interested.  I can accept via Paypal.

 

Aaron

 

 


From: Jim S [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:15 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders

 


Has anybody tried these new strontium-aluminate phosphor powders to
see if they react to alpha particles?





#2969 From: "Aaron Muderick" <aaron@...>
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 10:56 pm
Subject: RE: Phosphorescent powders
amuderick
Send Email Send Email
 

I didn’t elaborate and say that 1-2 grams should be sufficient for an alpha experiment.  I’ll ship via first class mail to keep the postage cheap.

 

Best,

Aaron

 


From: Aaron Muderick [mailto:aaron@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:34 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: RE: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders

 

I’m new to the group but I know a few thing about phosphorescent powders.  I don’t think the Strontium Aluminate is the way to go.  I’m sure it reacts but probably not as well (as far as the human eye is concerned).  It requires more energy for activation and has a longer decay time.  I tried using some for a spinthariscope and had no luck. 

 

I have some phosphorescent Zinc Sulphide powder here.  I’m not sure if it will work but I’m willing to send a sample to someone so they can test it out.  The stuff sells for about $30/kg in quantity.  I can sell it for $0.30/gram by the gram if anyone is interested.  I can accept via Paypal.

 

Aaron

 

 


From: Jim S [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:15 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders

 


Has anybody tried these new strontium-aluminate phosphor powders to
see if they react to alpha particles?



 


#2970 From: wharpt@...
Date: Sat Feb 5, 2005 6:00 pm
Subject: Re: Phosphorescent powders
wharpt1
Send Email Send Email
 
In a message dated 2/5/05 4:34:59 PM Central Standard Time, aaron@... writes:

I’m new to the group but I know a few thing about phosphorescent powders.  I don’t think the Strontium Aluminate is the way to go.  I’m sure it reacts but probably not as well (as far as the human eye is concerned).  It requires more energy for activation and has a longer decay time.  I tried using some for a spinthariscope and had no luck. 

 

What did you use as a backing for the powder in the spinthariscope?

 

I have some phosphorescent Zinc Sulphide powder here.  I’m not sure if it will work but I’m willing to send a sample to someone so they can test it out.  The stuff sells for about $30/kg in quantity.  I can sell it for $0.30/gram by the gram if anyone is interested.  I can accept via Paypal.

 

Aaron

 

 


From: Jim S [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:15 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders

 


Has anybody tried these new strontium-aluminate phosphor powders to
see if they react to alpha particles?


#2971 From: "Aaron Muderick" <aaron@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 12:40 am
Subject: RE: Phosphorescent powders
amuderick
Send Email Send Email
 

I mixed it with some gum arabic I had around…as little as possible.  Before you go to the trouble of mixing and gluing to a screen, why not just dust the surface of the alpha source with the powder and use a magnifying loupe in a dark room.  That should work as a proof of concept.

 

Aaron

 


From: wharpt@... [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 6:01 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders

 

In a message dated 2/5/05 4:34:59 PM Central Standard Time, aaron@... writes:

I’m new to the group but I know a few thing about phosphorescent powders.  I don’t think the Strontium Aluminate is the way to go.  I’m sure it reacts but probably not as well (as far as the human eye is concerned).  It requires more energy for activation and has a longer decay time.  I tried using some for a spinthariscope and had no luck. 

 

What did you use as a backing for the powder in the spinthariscope?

 

I have some phosphorescent Zinc Sulphide powder here.  I’m not sure if it will work but I’m willing to send a sample to someone so they can test it out.  The stuff sells for about $30/kg in quantity.  I can sell it for $0.30/gram by the gram if anyone is interested.  I can accept via Paypal.

 

Aaron

 

 


From: Jim S [mailto:wharpt@...]
Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:15 PM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders

 


Has anybody tried these new strontium-aluminate phosphor powders to
see if they react to alpha particles?




#2972 From: John Andrews <andrewsjp37922@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 2:54 am
Subject: Re: Digest Number 483
andrewsjp37922
Send Email Send Email
 
--- GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com wrote:

>    Date: Sat, 05 Feb 2005 04:58:10 -0000
>    From: "Larry" <lbarnett@...>
> Subject: Re: Lead shot for shielding
>
>
> Do I understand correctly that to use lead shot then
> the thickness
> should be increased 43% over solid lead to equal?
> This seems like
> an easy solution to make sheet metal or plastic
> containers in the
> shapes you want and fill them with the shot.  Thanks
> for this info
> John--Larry
>

Right, OK, 41%, just make the container strong enough
to hold the lead.  Lead is really heavy.  Use iron or
brass and make it sturdy.



=====
John Andrews, Knoxville, Tennessee



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#2973 From: "jeff_wilkinson_1" <jeffrey.wilkinson@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 3:25 pm
Subject: Re: Zinc Sulfide
jeff_wilkins...
Send Email Send Email
 
Actually, the activator normally used for ZnS is silver (Ag). Here's a
link to Saint-Gobain's datasheet:
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/media/documents/S0000000000000000003/zns_6\
02.pdf

Jeff

--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "James Turnbaugh"
<jrturnba@i...> wrote:
> I always suspected there was a little more to it.  I never got the
stuff to
> glow myself.
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> From: wharpt@a... [mailto:wharpt@a...]
> Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
> To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide
>
>
>
>
> The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur together and
igniting.
> It is used as solid fuel rocket for very small scale hobby rockets.
  It is
> not very potent so it is often used in class rooms but does not
really make
> good fuel.  The resulting ash is the ZnS.
>
> I would pulverize and apply cement to your window dust with the
powder.  I
> think I would test it if you have an alpha source before I would put
it in
> my instrument.
>
> Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have an activator such as
copper
> (I believe) added by high heat before it'll react to radiation and glow.
> Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is available on e-bay or from chemical
supply
> houses, some of which have on-line stores.
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
> * To visit your group on the web, go to:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GeigerCounterEnthusiasts/
>
> * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
<mailto:GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubsc
> ribe>
>
> * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo!
> <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>  Terms of Service.

#2974 From: "jeff_wilkinson_1" <jeffrey.wilkinson@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 3:27 pm
Subject: Re: Phosphorescent powders
jeff_wilkins...
Send Email Send Email
 
Aaron -
     Is this silver activated zinc sulfide - ZnS(Ag) - or just pure
ZnS? The silver activator is needed to get scintillations from alphas.

Jeff

--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "Aaron Muderick"
<aaron@m...> wrote:
> I didn't elaborate and say that 1-2 grams should be sufficient for
an alpha
> experiment.  I'll ship via first class mail to keep the postage cheap.
>
>
>
> Best,
>
> Aaron
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> From: Aaron Muderick [mailto:aaron@m...]
> Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:34 PM
> To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: RE: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders
>
>
>
> I'm new to the group but I know a few thing about phosphorescent
powders.  I
> don't think the Strontium Aluminate is the way to go.  I'm sure it
reacts
> but probably not as well (as far as the human eye is concerned).  It
> requires more energy for activation and has a longer decay time.  I
tried
> using some for a spinthariscope and had no luck.
>
>
>
> I have some phosphorescent Zinc Sulphide powder here.  I'm not sure
if it
> will work but I'm willing to send a sample to someone so they can
test it
> out.  The stuff sells for about $30/kg in quantity.  I can sell it for
> $0.30/gram by the gram if anyone is interested.  I can accept via
Paypal.
>
>
>
> Aaron
>
>
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> From: Jim S [mailto:wharpt@a...]
> Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:15 PM
> To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Phosphorescent powders
>
>
>
>
> Has anybody tried these new strontium-aluminate phosphor powders to
> see if they react to alpha particles?
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
> * To visit your group on the web, go to:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GeigerCounterEnthusiasts/
>
> * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
<mailto:GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubsc
> ribe>
>
> * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo!
> <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>  Terms of Service.

#2975 From: wharpt@...
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 10:46 am
Subject: Re: Re: Zinc Sulfide
wharpt1
Send Email Send Email
 
In a message dated 2/6/05 9:27:32 AM Central Standard Time, jeffrey.wilkinson@... writes:


Actually, the activator normally used for ZnS is silver (Ag). Here's a
link to Saint-Gobain's datasheet:
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/media/documents/S0000000000000000003/zns_602.pdf

Jeff
Whups. Gomen nasai, so sorry, dang it I goofed. Here's a thought; who first noticed the phosphorescent properties of ZnS(Ag)?

--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "James Turnbaugh"
<jrturnba@i...> wrote:
> I always suspected there was a little more to it.  I never got the
stuff to
> glow myself.
>

>
>   _____ 
>
> From: wharpt@a... [mailto:wharpt@a...]
> Sent: Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
> To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide
>

>
>
> The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur together and
igniting.
> It is used as solid fuel rocket for very small scale hobby rockets.
It is
> not very potent so it is often used in class rooms but does not
really make
> good fuel.  The resulting ash is the ZnS.
>
> I would pulverize and apply cement to your window dust with the
powder.  I
> think I would test it if you have an alpha source before I would put
it in
> my instrument.
>
> Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have an activator such as
copper
> (I believe) added by high heat before it'll react to radiation and glow.
> Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is available on e-bay or from chemical
supply
> houses, some of which have on-line stores.
>

#2976 From: "stringtheory2063" <stringtheory2063@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 4:22 pm
Subject: cesium-137
stringtheory...
Send Email Send Email
 
I was thinking of buying a 10 uCi cesium test disk. Kinda spendy, but
seems good. Anyone know what a 10 uCi cesium disk would put out as far
as mrem/h and (gamma) mR/h, (maybe CPM too? If your counter goes that
high, probably pegs?)

#2977 From: "jeff_wilkinson_1" <jeffrey.wilkinson@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 4:33 pm
Subject: Re: Zinc Sulfide
jeff_wilkins...
Send Email Send Email
 
I don't know who first discovered the phosphoresence of ZnS(Ag).
Crookes invented the spinthariscope in 1903, so it must have been
known by that time.

Jeff


--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, wharpt@a... wrote:
> In a message dated 2/6/05 9:27:32 AM Central Standard Time,
> jeffrey.wilkinson@u... writes:
>
>
>
> Actually, the activator normally used for ZnS is silver (Ag).  Here's a
> link to Saint-Gobain's  datasheet:
>
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/media/documents/S0000000000000000003/zns
> _602.pdf
>
> Jeff
>
> Whups. Gomen nasai, so sorry, dang it I goofed. Here's a thought;
who first
> noticed the phosphorescent properties of ZnS(Ag)?
>
>
> ---  In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "James  Turnbaugh"
> <jrturnba@i...> wrote:
> > I always suspected there  was a little more to it.  I never got the
> stuff to
> > glow  myself.
> >
> >
> >
> >   _____
> >
> > From: wharpt@a... [mailto:wharpt@a...]
> > Sent:  Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
> > To:  GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> > Subject: Re:  [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur  together and
> igniting.
> > It is used as solid fuel rocket for very  small scale hobby rockets.
> It is
> > not very potent so it is often  used in class rooms but does not
> really make
> > good fuel.  The  resulting ash is the ZnS.
> >
> > I would pulverize and apply cement  to your window dust with the
> powder.  I
> > think I would test it  if you have an alpha source before I would put
> it in
> > my  instrument.
> >
> > Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have  an activator such as
> copper
> > (I believe) added by high heat before  it'll react to radiation
and glow.
> > Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is  available on e-bay or from chemical
> supply
> > houses, some of which  have on-line stores.
> >

#2978 From: "Geo" <GEOelectronics@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 5:07 pm
Subject: Re: cesium-137
K0FF
Send Email Send Email
 
Have you found 10 uCI discs? The largest I've got is 5. Geo

--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "stringtheory2063"
<stringtheory2063@y...> wrote:
>
> I was thinking of buying a 10 uCi cesium test disk. Kinda spendy,
but
> seems good. Anyone know what a 10 uCi cesium disk would put out as
far
> as mrem/h and (gamma) mR/h, (maybe CPM too? If your counter goes
that
> high, probably pegs?)

#2979 From: "GEOelectronics" <GEOelectronics@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 5:26 pm
Subject: U ore percentage
K0FF
Send Email Send Email
 
A set of assay samples has several  calibrated vials of U ore, each labeled
with a percentage number ( up to 2 or 3 percent), and an empty vial that you
are supposed to fill with the sample ore after it has been crushed in the
provided steel mortar. What do the percentages refer to?
Is this the fraction of the ore that is Uranium, or the fraction of the ore
that is U235?
I would like to get started making these measurements with the Ludlum 2218,
but am confused.

Seems to me like the assay sample kit could be used with any Geiger counter
for percentage of total Uranium, and the 2218 is set up for 235/238 ratios.

Not much info freely available on this that I can find.

Geo

#2980 From: "GEOelectronics" <GEOelectronics@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 6:38 pm
Subject: U analysis
K0FF
Send Email Send Email
 
Even though I don't know what the percentages mean yet, testing the .5%, 1%
and 2% U samples on a pancake with a scaler-timer gave consistent gross
readings of 1273 CPM, 2544CPM and 5373 CPM. Geo

#2981 From: "DH" <revtkatt@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 6:46 pm
Subject: Re: Phosphorescent powders
revtkatt
Send Email Send Email
 
--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "Aaron Muderick"
<aaron@m...> wrote:
> I mixed it with some gum arabic I had around.as little as possible.
  Before
> you go to the trouble of mixing and gluing to a screen, why not
just dust
> the surface of the alpha source with the powder and use a
magnifying loupe
> in a dark room.  That should work as a proof of concept.

1. obtain known good ZnS(Ag)
2. dust the sticky side of some cellophane tape
3. place this over 1 uCi Am-241
4. use a loupe or even a clear spherical marble to observe
*after* 10 mins dark-adaption

It works.  If the ZnS(Ag) falls on the Am source,
it works too.  You can shake most of it off later
if you want your full 37,000 dps (nominal, omnidirectional)

#2982 From: Chris Smolinski <csmolinski@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 6:49 pm
Subject: Re: U analysis
lastoneouttu...
Send Email Send Email
 
>Even though I don't know what the percentages mean yet, testing the .5%, 1%
>and 2% U samples on a pancake with a scaler-timer gave consistent gross
>readings of 1273 CPM, 2544CPM and 5373 CPM. Geo

The mining standard is %U by weight. %U-235 would be nearly constant
worldwide, though there are slight variations.

--

---
Chris Smolinski
Black Cat Systems
http://www.blackcatsystems.com

#2983 From: "DH" <revtkatt@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 6:53 pm
Subject: Re: U ore percentage
revtkatt
Send Email Send Email
 
--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "GEOelectronics"
<GEOelectronics@n...> wrote:
> A set of assay samples has several  calibrated vials of U ore, each
labeled
> with a percentage number ( up to 2 or 3 percent), and an empty vial
that you
> are supposed to fill with the sample ore after it has been crushed
in the
> provided steel mortar. What do the percentages refer to?
> Is this the fraction of the ore that is Uranium,

That has been my understanding.  If N grams of the unknown
has the same activity as N grams of 2% U material, then the
unknown is 2% U.

or the fraction of
the ore
> that is U235?

U mean U not '235, the amount of which is pretty much 0.7%
of whatever U is in there, unless the govt has run it
through its mills.

You can verify this logic by making your own 'references'
and your own 'unknown' by diluting a homogenous starting
material (which may be unknown in absolute terms).

For instance, put 1, 2, 4 mantles in a container, measure
them.  Now have an assistant put an unknown number into
another container, and guess how many.

This of course relies on no self-absorbtion, eg gammas
passing through small volumes.  A stack of
Fiestaware doesn't get hotter, because the F'ware absorbs
betas from the F'ware below.

Apologies if this doesn't help.

#2984 From: "DH" <revtkatt@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 6:57 pm
Subject: What to do with your rocket exhaust (ZnS)
revtkatt
Send Email Send Email
 
If you have ZnS that is otherwise useless,
you might try doping it with eg Ag or Cu nitrate.
The amount is something like .1-1%.  I'd powderize
the ZnS, add a dilute solution of dopant, and
I think you have to fire / fuse the ZnS + dopant mixture,
then repowderize.  If it works, let us know!

#2985 From: "Dudley Emer" <dfemer@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 7:48 pm
Subject: Re: U ore percentage
kk7if
Send Email Send Email
 
George, the uranium assay kits were designed to estimate the uranium content of a uranium ore.  It was assumed that the uranium chain of the ore sample was in secular equilibrium and then the gamma activity from the radon daughters could be used to obtain the uranium content, which was expressed as %eU3O8. The "e" is used to indicate the assay was radiometrically determined and is an estimate assuming equilibrium.  Uranium ore was purchased based on the U3O8 content (which was how a chemical extraction and assay was done).  The percentage U in the vial is just percent U3O8 in the vial when combined with an inert rock like matrix.
 
To do a simplified gross count assay,  graph the %U vs counts by counting each calibration vial.  The weight, size, shape and position of each vial must be identical in the counting system.  It's best to have a shielded detector with a fixed geometry.  Take an empty shield background count with an empty vial and subtract that from all readings.  Pulverized the ore sample to the same mesh as the sample and weigh out an amount equal to the calibration standard and put that in a vial that is identical to the calibration standard vials.  Count the ore sample for the same period as the calibration graph in the same geometry and subtract the background count.  Find on the calibration graph your sample count and look up the % eU3O8 (or do a linear regression and calculate it). 
 
In a natural ore the U235 content is about 0.7%. This assay kit only looks at total U content.   While I haven't used the Ludlum, I suspect it is set up for looking at enrichment (U235 to 238) using a NaI detector.   U 235 can be measured using the 186 keV peak and, for a large quantity, U 238 can be measured using the 1001 keV gammas from the Pa-234m daughter.  The NaI Ludlum was probably designed to look at highly enriched Uranium (HEU) and it is limited to looking at a relatively pure material.  Any radium (185 keV), as you would find in a uranium ore, will interfere with the U235 186 keV peak big time.  If thorium is present, which it will be in a rock, the 200 - 300 keV gammas will also interfere with the 186 keV U235 peak.  To get around this problem you would have to do a chemical extraction of  uranium and then count that.  The extractant would need about 100 days to get back into equilibrium for the Pa234m.
 
When running this assay remember that K-40 and Thorium chain daughters will interfere with the results if they are not accounted for.  The K-40 has a gamma at 1462 keV and the thorium (Tl-208) has multiple peaks with a good one  at 2.6 Mev.  The Ludlum can be windowed to exclude these peaks from the assay and then set up to remeasure only the K-40 and Thorium contribution.  A correction for the compton contribution from K-40 and thorium can then be applied.  If the K-40 and thorium content is approximately the same as in the calibration vials then the gross count assay will work just fine.  Also remember that the uranium chain is very seldom found in equilibrium so this assay is the best first guess before staking the claim.
 
Dudley
KK7IF
 
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Sunday, February 06, 2005 9:26 AM
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] U ore percentage

A set of assay samples has several  calibrated vials of U ore, each labeled
with a percentage number ( up to 2 or 3 percent), and an empty vial that you
are supposed to fill with the sample ore after it has been crushed in the
provided steel mortar. What do the percentages refer to?
Is this the fraction of the ore that is Uranium, or the fraction of the ore
that is U235?
I would like to get started making these measurements with the Ludlum 2218,
but am confused.

Seems to me like the assay sample kit could be used with any Geiger counter
for percentage of total Uranium, and the 2218 is set up for 235/238 ratios.

Not much info freely available on this that I can find.

Geo



#2986 From: "Aaron Muderick" <aaron@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 7:57 pm
Subject: RE: Re: Zinc Sulfide
amuderick
Send Email Send Email
 

The Zinc Sulphide I am offering is that commonly used in glow in the dark toys, etc.  As such, it is activated by the less expensive element, copper.  I’m sure this changes its properties.  I’m not sure if it matters for the detection of alpha’s via phosphorescence.

 

Aaron

 


From: jeff_wilkinson_1 [mailto:jeffrey.wilkinson@...]
Sent: Sunday, February 06, 2005 11:34 AM
To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Re: Zinc Sulfide

 


I don't know who first discovered the phosphoresence of ZnS(Ag).
Crookes invented the spinthariscope in 1903, so it must have been
known by that time.

Jeff


--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, wharpt@a... wrote:
> In a message dated 2/6/05 9:27:32 AM Central Standard Time, 
> jeffrey.wilkinson@u... writes:
>
>
>
> Actually, the activator normally used for ZnS is silver (Ag).  Here's a
> link to Saint-Gobain's  datasheet:
>
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/media/documents/S0000000000000000003/zns
> _602.pdf
>
> Jeff
>
> Whups. Gomen nasai, so sorry, dang it I goofed. Here's a thought;
who first 
> noticed the phosphorescent properties of ZnS(Ag)?
>
>
> ---  In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "James  Turnbaugh"
> <jrturnba@i...> wrote:
> > I always suspected there  was a little more to it.  I never got the
> stuff to
> > glow  myself.
> >
> > 
> >
> >   _____  
> >
> > From: wharpt@a... [mailto:wharpt@a...]
> > Sent:  Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
> > To:  GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> > Subject: Re:  [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide
> >
> > 
> > 
> >
> > The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur  together and
> igniting.
> > It is used as solid fuel rocket for very  small scale hobby rockets.
> It is
> > not very potent so it is often  used in class rooms but does not
> really make
> > good fuel.  The  resulting ash is the ZnS.
> >
> > I would pulverize and apply cement  to your window dust with the
> powder.  I
> > think I would test it  if you have an alpha source before I would put
> it in
> > my  instrument.
> >
> > Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have  an activator such as
> copper
> > (I believe) added by high heat before  it'll react to radiation
and glow.
> > Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is  available on e-bay or from chemical
> supply
> > houses, some of which  have on-line stores.
> >





#2987 From: "Geo" <GEOelectronics@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 8:12 pm
Subject: Re: Zinc Sulfide
K0FF
Send Email Send Email
 
-The over the ounter stuff I have tried has nuch too long a decay
curve to use for Alpha detection. I encourage experimentation of
course, but for the best match to commercial screens, it is
naturally best to use the commercial preparation, as I do wne making
replacement screens and spinthariscopes etc. I do have a quantity of
both the Ludlum and Bicron product ( pewder) which ae fairly
expensive, but have almost no decay time or lag. Geo

-- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "Aaron Muderick"
<aaron@m...> wrote:
> The Zinc Sulphide I am offering is that commonly used in glow in
the dark
> toys, etc.  As such, it is activated by the less expensive
element, copper.
> I'm sure this changes its properties.  I'm not sure if it matters
for the
> detection of alpha's via phosphorescence.
>
>
>
> Aaron
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> From: jeff_wilkinson_1 [mailto:jeffrey.wilkinson@u...]
> Sent: Sunday, February 06, 2005 11:34 AM
> To: GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Re: Zinc Sulfide
>
>
>
>
> I don't know who first discovered the phosphoresence of ZnS(Ag).
> Crookes invented the spinthariscope in 1903, so it must have been
> known by that time.
>
> Jeff
>
>
> --- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, wharpt@a... wrote:
> > In a message dated 2/6/05 9:27:32 AM Central Standard Time,
> > jeffrey.wilkinson@u... writes:
> >
> >
> >
> > Actually, the activator normally used for ZnS is silver (Ag).
Here's a
> > link to Saint-Gobain's  datasheet:
> >
> http://www.detectors.saint-
gobain.com/media/documents/S0000000000000000003/z
> ns
> > _602.pdf
> >
> > Jeff
> >
> > Whups. Gomen nasai, so sorry, dang it I goofed. Here's a thought;
> who first
> > noticed the phosphorescent properties of ZnS(Ag)?
> >
> >
> > ---  In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "James
Turnbaugh"
> > <jrturnba@i...> wrote:
> > > I always suspected there  was a little more to it.  I never
got the
> > stuff to
> > > glow  myself.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >   _____
> > >
> > > From: wharpt@a... [mailto:wharpt@a...]
> > > Sent:  Saturday, February 05, 2005 5:08 PM
> > > To:  GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com
> > > Subject: Re:  [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] Zinc Sulfide
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > The easiest way is to make by mixing zinc and sulfur  together
and
> > igniting.
> > > It is used as solid fuel rocket for very  small scale hobby
rockets.
> > It is
> > > not very potent so it is often  used in class rooms but does
not
> > really make
> > > good fuel.  The  resulting ash is the ZnS.
> > >
> > > I would pulverize and apply cement  to your window dust with
the
> > powder.  I
> > > think I would test it  if you have an alpha source before I
would put
> > it in
> > > my  instrument.
> > >
> > > Won't work in this case. Zinc sulfide must have  an activator
such as
> > copper
> > > (I believe) added by high heat before  it'll react to radiation
> and glow.
> > > Phosphorescent zinc sulfide is  available on e-bay or from
chemical
> > supply
> > > houses, some of which  have on-line stores.
> > >
>
>
>
>
>
>
>   _____
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
> * To visit your group on the web, go to:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GeigerCounterEnthusiasts/
>
> * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?
subject=Unsubsc
> ribe>
>
> * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo!
> <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>  Terms of Service.

#2988 From: "Geo" <GEOelectronics@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 8:21 pm
Subject: Re: U ore percentage
K0FF
Send Email Send Email
 
Thanks to all for the info, and thanks Dudley for the tutorial. Just
what I needed to get started. Yes the comparative samples can be
used for initial ore analysis then, and the Ludlum 2218 used for
enrichment figures. Too bad I can't get enrichment samples to
compare.

The outfit is very complex, with a special NaI probe, LED stabilized
by the counter and of 2" diamater and 1/2" thick- to directly
respond ideally to the 186 keV Gamma from the U235 on channel 1,
making the count increase by a factor for each hit. The second
channel is set to decrement by  a factor for each hit on a channel
that indicates only an energy given off by U238. The reason I'm told
for this, is that there is an interfering signal at 185 that must be
accounted for. Each cahnnel can count up or down by a full unit, or
a fraction of a unit, down to three decimal places. I doubt if I
will ever really understand its full use, but as long as I can get
it to show the difference between natural U and Depleted U, I am
happy ( an ill then  sell it, haha). The probe is inside a
special "collimator" shield which is lead, and has a lead front woth
a hole in it (fro geometry control?) and a further cadmium shield
over the hole ( to taylor energy response). Talk about being over
your head ( but having fun) Geo

--- In GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com, "Dudley Emer"
<dfemer@c...> wrote:
> George, the uranium assay kits were designed to estimate the
uranium content of a uranium ore.  It was assumed that the uranium
chain of the ore sample was in secular equilibrium and then the
gamma activity from the radon daughters could be used to obtain the
uranium content, which was expressed as %eU3O8. The "e" is used to
indicate the assay was radiometrically determined and is an estimate
assuming equilibrium.  Uranium ore was purchased based on the U3O8
content (which was how a chemical extraction and assay was done).
The percentage U in the vial is just percent U3O8 in the vial when
combined with an inert rock like matrix.
>
> To do a simplified gross count assay,  graph the %U vs counts by
counting each calibration vial.  The weight, size, shape and
position of each vial must be identical in the counting system.
It's best to have a shielded detector with a fixed geometry.  Take
an empty shield background count with an empty vial and subtract
that from all readings.  Pulverized the ore sample to the same mesh
as the sample and weigh out an amount equal to the calibration
standard and put that in a vial that is identical to the calibration
standard vials.  Count the ore sample for the same period as the
calibration graph in the same geometry and subtract the background
count.  Find on the calibration graph your sample count and look up
the % eU3O8 (or do a linear regression and calculate it).
>
> In a natural ore the U235 content is about 0.7%. This assay kit
only looks at total U content.   While I haven't used the Ludlum, I
suspect it is set up for looking at enrichment (U235 to 238) using a
NaI detector.   U 235 can be measured using the 186 keV peak and,
for a large quantity, U 238 can be measured using the 1001 keV
gammas from the Pa-234m daughter.  The NaI Ludlum was probably
designed to look at highly enriched Uranium (HEU) and it is limited
to looking at a relatively pure material.  Any radium (185 keV), as
you would find in a uranium ore, will interfere with the U235 186
keV peak big time.  If thorium is present, which it will be in a
rock, the 200 - 300 keV gammas will also interfere with the 186 keV
U235 peak.  To get around this problem you would have to do a
chemical extraction of  uranium and then count that.  The extractant
would need about 100 days to get back into equilibrium for the
Pa234m.
>
> When running this assay remember that K-40 and Thorium chain
daughters will interfere with the results if they are not accounted
for.  The K-40 has a gamma at 1462 keV and the thorium (Tl-208) has
multiple peaks with a good one  at 2.6 Mev.  The Ludlum can be
windowed to exclude these peaks from the assay and then set up to
remeasure only the K-40 and Thorium contribution.  A correction for
the compton contribution from K-40 and thorium can then be applied.
If the K-40 and thorium content is approximately the same as in the
calibration vials then the gross count assay will work just fine.
Also remember that the uranium chain is very seldom found in
equilibrium so this assay is the best first guess before staking the
claim.
>
> Dudley
> KK7IF
>
> ----- Original Message -----
>   From: GEOelectronics
>   To: GCE PAGE 2
>   Sent: Sunday, February 06, 2005 9:26 AM
>   Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] U ore percentage
>
>
>   A set of assay samples has several  calibrated vials of U ore,
each labeled
>   with a percentage number ( up to 2 or 3 percent), and an empty
vial that you
>   are supposed to fill with the sample ore after it has been
crushed in the
>   provided steel mortar. What do the percentages refer to?
>   Is this the fraction of the ore that is Uranium, or the fraction
of the ore
>   that is U235?
>   I would like to get started making these measurements with the
Ludlum 2218,
>   but am confused.
>
>   Seems to me like the assay sample kit could be used with any
Geiger counter
>   for percentage of total Uranium, and the 2218 is set up for
235/238 ratios.
>
>   Not much info freely available on this that I can find.
>
>   Geo
>
>
>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
>   Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>     a.. To visit your group on the web, go to:
>     http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GeigerCounterEnthusiasts/
>
>     b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
>     GeigerCounterEnthusiasts-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
>     c.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms
of Service.

#2989 From: "radioactive" <quantumblue@...>
Date: Sun Feb 6, 2005 10:12 pm
Subject: Re: disk test
radioactiveb...
Send Email Send Email
 
stringtheory ,I belive if Its done under the best lab conditions the
cpms -----mR/h ,will vary from lab to lab , too many factors to consider .
any way because you do have a  russian master 1  heres the reading today
with a russian master ... back ground is( 0.14 uSV/h ).............on the
.010 disk my master now went to (1.28 uSV/h) second reading was 1.22uSV/h
,,,,,,now my 496with a open end probe  was ( 2,270 cpms) uncalibrated 496
this is one of the factors you have to consider  in other word how did the
(Curies )measure the radium they discoverd and are famous for ?? & I know I
should drag the left side the  u ---micro  symbol down but for got how ?
the disk I used a PRI 0.10 disk to check hope this helps you  Jim
..OD...oregon
                                            ----- Original Message -----
From: stringtheory2063 <stringtheory2063@...>
To: <GeigerCounterEnthusiasts@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, February 06, 2005 8:22 AM
Subject: [GeigerCounterEnthusiasts] cesium-137


>
>
> I was thinking of buying a 10 uCi cesium test disk. Kinda spendy, but
> seems good. Anyone know what a 10 uCi cesium disk would put out as far
> as mrem/h and (gamma) mR/h, (maybe CPM too? If your counter goes that
> high, probably pegs?)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

#2990 From: "tychounder" <sagittatycho@...>
Date: Mon Feb 7, 2005 8:13 pm
Subject: Eberline email now being answered!
tychounder
Send Email Send Email
 
Last year, I purchased two Eberline SRM300 monitors, and later I
purchased two ESP-2 counters. I registered on Eberline's (Thermo's)
website and sent them an email asking about purchasing a manual
reprint, but received no response. Last month I sent another, and
again no response. Well today, I finally got a reply to my first
email from about five months ago. Seems they had problems with their
email server, and now are swimming through several thousand old
emails. I had been meaning to call them, but my work schedule made it
difficult.

Since my first attempt with Eberline, I had tried to work with a list
member here who has an account with Eberline/Thermo, as we both
needed the SRM300 manual, but since that time I haven't received a
reply to several of my emails from him either. I don't know what
happened. Perhaps my emails got caught and killed in his spamtrap or
something. If he still wishes to partner to split the cost of getting
an SRM300 manual, I am also still willing, and he can contact me via
this Group. Unlike Eberline, I answer my email.

Bob, in San Diego

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